<i>Theoria</i><span> to </span><i>practica</i><span> and Congregational Independency: From John Singleton Copley's portraiture of ‘Liberty,’ </span><i>Rev. Jonathan Mayhew<span> </span></i><span>identified, to Rev. Lemuel Haynes's </span><i>Liberty Further Extended</i><span>, c. 1776</span>
As part of the Lemuel Haynes Anniversary Project in Granville, MA, <em>Theoria</em> to <em>Practica</em> . . . by Corey Phelon Geske commemorates Juneteenth 2023 and the 270th anniversaries of the July 18, 1753 birth of Rev. Lemuel Haynes and the incorporation of the district of Granville, Massachusetts, January 25, 1754.<br /><br />Also recognizing ‘America250,’ the Nation’s Semiquincentennial, July 4, 2026, this work is published by the Granville History Digital Collection, sponsored by the Mabel Root Henry Historical Museum at the Granville Public Library and the Noble & Cooley Center for Historic Preservation, Granville, MA.<br /><br />For the content in this document most relevant to Rev. Lemuel Haynes please refer to pp. i, ii, v, 2, (Section: "<em>Theoria to Practica</em>: Rev. Lemuel Haynes extends ‘Liberty’ to abolition of enslavement") 38-49, 63.
For the first time, Haynes’s unpublished writings circa 1776, Liberty Further Extended and his poem, The Battle of Lexington, are presented herein as very possibly having been composed in Granville, MA where precepts of ‘Liberty’ seemingly existed as early as 1754 with Haynes’s arrival at five months old.<br /><br />Haynes' subsequent education, fostered his unprecedented life story becoming the first Black man ordained a minister in the United States -- in the Congregational church, bespeaking that Faith’s 'independency' breaking out of the colonial paradigm as did a new Nation.<br /><br />For the first time in publication, John Singleton Copley's portrait (1767) of Congregational Boston minister Rev. Jonathan Mayhew, is herein identified. Having preached, “Britons will not be slaves . . . Let us all learn to be free," Mayhew was respected by John Adams as one of the men most responsible for setting the groundwork of the American Revolution. His emphasis upon ‘Liberty,’ is found in Haynes's unpublished essay Liberty Further Extended . . . the first to apply the precepts of the Declaration of Independence to the abolition of enslavement, bringing to the forefront the hypocrisy of any who supported ‘Liberty’ without extending it to “mankind” in bondage. Copley’s portraiture bears evidence of his effort to do so and his iconology of 'Liberty' extending to the abolition of Black enslavement, is examined and interpreted here.<br /><br />‘Congregational Independency’ in Massachusetts provided the theoria of ‘Liberty’ that guided the iconology of Copley, an Anglican, who put theory to practice, compassing his portraiture with subliminal messaging of ’Liberty.’ <br />From Mayhew to Haynes, the theoria of ‘Liberty’ evolved from considering the rights of white American colonists to the Black enslaved population, all “mankind,” as Thomas Hollis V had inscribed upon Mayhew’s etching by Cipriani after Copley. <br /><br />This extension of theory to practice and ‘Liberty’ to the abolition of enslavement, as proposed by Haynes, whose lifetime paralleled that of the young nation, was rooted in the Independency of the Congregational church.
Corey Phelon Geske
Granville History Digital Collection, Granville, Massachusetts
May 30, 2023
© Copyright May 30, 2023, Corey Phelon Geske. All rights reserved. May not be reproduced without the permission of the author. Images used herein with permission for publication in this document from Boston University Libraries; Cleveland Museum of Art; Detroit Institute of Arts; Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum; Harvard University Portrait Collection; Houghton Library, Harvard University; Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; New York Public Library; The Library Company of Philadelphia; Princeton University Art Museum; and Yale University Art Gallery.
As cited in the text: <br />See the Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker . . . Phelon House for additional information:<span> </span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362">CLICK HERE</a><span> </span>for Daniel Rose . . . Phelon House Part One. Part One includes links to Parts 2-5 and Addenda. <br />For mention of Thomas Holllis V,<span> </span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341">CLICK HERE<span> </span></a>for Addendum 1,<span> </span>"Baker Quilt: West Granville Needlework at the F.G. (Rev. Joel) Baker House inspires the historic Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement."
Main Road: Do These Pillars Mark Deacon David Rose's Property?
One of Granville's great mysteries is the location of Deacon David Rose's house, where Lemuel Haynes grew up as an indentured servant.
The homes of David Rose's brothers, John and Daniel, still exist not far from the site of these pillars.
Main Road 1442, c. 1741: Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Pendrake, Sattler, Phelon Place, PART 5
An article from the March 2021 issue of the Granville Country Caller featuring the Daniel Rose house, c. 1741, at 1442 Main Road, Granville, MA. Believed to be one of the three oldest structures in Granville, and the home of six Revolutionary War soldiers. <br /><br />This article, written by Corey Phelon Geske, includes several photos of the furnished interior of the house after restoration was undertaken by Corey's brother, William (Bill) Phelon in the 2000's.<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;">This is Part 5 in a series of 5 parts about the Daniel Rose House and its occupants.<br /></span><br /><span>Links to the other parts in this series:<br /><br /></span><span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362"><strong>PART 1</strong></a> features old photos of the Daniel Rose house.</span><span><br /><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1233">PART 2</a></strong> features:<br /></span>
<ul><li> Daniel Rose family history and Rev. War service.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House restoration photos, 2001-2019.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as Lt. Jacob Baldwin Tavern.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as home to Baker Quilt inspiring the Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement.</li>
</ul><span><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1491">PART 3</a></strong> features 1985 pre-restoration photos documenting the original features of the house.</span><span><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1492"><strong>PART 4</strong></a> continues the 1985 pre-restoration documentation photos.<br /></span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1493"><strong>PART 5</strong></a> (you are on Part 5 now)<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341"><strong>ADDENDUM 1</strong></a>: Establishes the Daniel Rose house as home to West Granville's Baker Quilt, the first quilt exhibited at a period room in an American museum (Deerfield).<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/687"><strong>ADDENDUM 2</strong></a>: Baker family folder including quilt notes.
Corey Phelon Geske (researcher and author)
2021
Corey Phelon Geske, 2021
<span>Main Road 1442, c. 1741: Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Pendrake, Sattler, Phelon Place, PART 4</span>
<span>(Continued from Part 3) 1985 pre-restoration photos of the Daniel Rose House, commissioned by Ernie Sattler.<span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br /><br />This is Part 4 in a series of 5 parts about this house and its occupants.</span><br /><br />Links to the other Parts in this series:<br /><br /></span><span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362"><strong>PART 1</strong></a> features old photos of the Daniel Rose house.</span><span><br /><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1233">PART 2</a></strong> features:<br /></span>
<ul><li> Daniel Rose family history and Rev. War service.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House restoration photos, 2001-2019.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as Lt. Jacob Baldwin Tavern.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as home to Baker Quilt inspiring the Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement.</li>
</ul><span><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1491">PART 3</a></strong> features 1985 pre-restoration photos documenting the original features of the house.</span><span><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1492"><strong>PART 4</strong></a> (you are on Part 4 now).<br /></span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1493"><strong>PART 5</strong></a> features a 2021 "Country Caller" article written by Corey Phelon Geske featuring the Daniel Rose House and its historic significance<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341"><strong>ADDENDUM 1</strong></a>: Establishes the Daniel Rose house as home to West Granville's Baker Quilt, the first quilt exhibited at a period room in an American museum (Deerfield).<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/687"><strong>ADDENDUM 2</strong></a>: Baker family folder including quilt notes.
Main Road 1442, c. 1741: Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Pendrake, Sattler, Phelon Place, PART 3
Photos taken in 1985 in preparation for the restoration of the Daniel Rose House at 1442 Main Road, Granville, Massachusetts. Photos commissioned by Ernie Sattler.<br /><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><br />This is Part 3 in a series of 5 parts about the Daniel Rose House and its occupants.</span><br /><br /><span>Links to the other Parts in this series:<br /><br /></span><span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362"><strong>PART 1</strong></a> features old photos of the Daniel Rose house.</span><span><br /><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1233">PART 2</a></strong> features:<br /></span>
<ul><li> Daniel Rose family history and Rev. War service.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House restoration photos, 2001-2019.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as Lt. Jacob Baldwin Tavern.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as home to Baker Quilt inspiring the Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement.</li>
</ul><span><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1491">PART 3</a></strong> (you are on Part 3 now).</span><span><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1492"><strong>PART 4</strong></a> continues the 1985 pre-restoration documentation photos.<br /></span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1493"><strong>PART 5</strong></a> features a 2021 "Country Caller" article written by Corey Phelon Geske featuring the Daniel Rose House and its historic significance<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341"><strong>ADDENDUM 1</strong></a>: Establishes the Daniel Rose house as home to West Granville's Baker Quilt, the first quilt exhibited at a period room in an American museum (Deerfield).<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/687"><strong>ADDENDUM 2</strong></a>: Baker family folder including quilt notes.
Baker Quilt: West Granville Needlework at the F.G. Baker House inspired the historic Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement, by Corey Phelon Geske, Copyright 2021
Research done by Corey Geske in connection with the Baker quilt.
See below for more detailed information and link to the Daniel Rose (Baker) House, Part One. Part One includes links to Parts 2-5.
Research: 2020-2021
Corey Phelon Geske, author.
Copyright Corey Phelon Geske, 2021. May not be reproduced without the permission of the author.
Main Road 1442, c. 1741: Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Pendrake, Sattler, Phelon Place, PART 2
Research into the Daniel Rose House, circa 1741, at 1442 Main Road, done by Corey Victoria (Phelon) Geske, in memory of her brother the late William Brian Phelon. Bill Phelon, known to many as "Bill On the Hill" who owned this house and devoted many long hours to its preservation.<br /><br />This Part 2 features:<br /><ul><li> Daniel Rose family history and Rev. War service.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House restoration photos, 2001-2019.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as Lt. Jacob Baldwin Tavern.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as home to the Baker Quilt, inspiring the Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement.</li>
</ul><span>Links to the other Parts in this series:<br /><br /></span><span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362"><strong>PART 1</strong></a> features old photos of the Daniel Rose house.</span><span><br /><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1233">PART 2</a></strong> (you are on Part 2 now)</span><br /><span><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1491">PART 3</a></strong> features 1985 pre-restoration photos documenting the original features of the house.</span><span><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1492"><strong>PART 4</strong></a> continues the 1985 pre-restoration documentation photos.<br /></span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1493"><strong>PART 5</strong></a> features a 2021 "Country Caller" article written by Corey Phelon Geske featuring the Daniel Rose House and its historic significance<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341"><strong>ADDENDUM 1</strong></a>: Establishes the Daniel Rose house as home to West Granville's Baker Quilt, the first quilt exhibited at a period room in an American museum (Deerfield).<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/687"><strong>ADDENDUM 2</strong></a>: Baker family folder including quilt notes.
Corey Victoria Phelon Geske, author
March 2020
Corey Victoria Phelon Geske
Copyright 2020, 2021, Corey Victoria Phelon Geske. Material appears here with the author's permission and may not be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author.
Rev. Lemuel Haynes (1753-1833): Pastor and Patriot
Lemuel Haynes grew up in Granville as an indentured servant in the home of Deacon David Rose and became a prominent preacher in the Congregational Church, having been mentored by Deacon Rose and Dr. Timothy Mather Cooley.
Rev. Lemuel Haynes was the earliest recorded black Congregationalist pastor in America (Granville Second Church) and a patriot who fought with other Minutemen from Granville during the Revolutionary War.
Please see links below for additional information, including the Lemuel Haynes letters from the Granville Library Historical Room, currently on loan to the American Congregational Association in Boston.
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuel_Haynes"></a>LINKS TO FURTHER INFORMATION:<br /><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1531"><i>Theoria</i><span> to </span><i>practica</i><span> and Congregational Independency: From John Singleton Copley's portraiture of ‘Liberty,’ </span><i>Rev. Jonathan Mayhew<span> </span></i><span>identified, to Rev. Lemuel Haynes's </span><i>Liberty Further Extended</i><span>, c. 1776</span></a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.congregationallibrary.org/nehh/series1/GranvilleMAFirst5235">Lemuel Haynes Letters from Granville Library Historical Room</a><br /><br /><a href="https://bennington.pastperfectonline.com/person/374E1914-EAC1-4AA5-A232-014453878633">Bennington Museum, Lemuel Haynes Collection</a><br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuel_Haynes">Wikipedia Page for Lemuel Haynes</a><br /><br /><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008918326?fbclid=IwAR0GZbxmMY1blV-REnRRCN1SP5qCJvowXm6Jqps7SWpOaRdgYwgjyozPCiw">Sketches of the Life and Character of the Rev. Lemuel Haynes by Rev. Timothy Mather Cooley</a>
Main Road 1442, c. 1741: Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Pendrake, Sattler, Phelon Place, PART 1
House at 1442 Main Road, c. 1741, associated with Daniel Rose, Lt. Jacob Baldwin Baldwin, Rev. Joel Baker, Gibb, Bearse, Teddy Pendrake, Ernie Sattler and William Phelon. <br /><br />Assessors records indicate built 1773 however Ernie Sattler had a consultant look at the house in 2003, who believed the house was constructed in 1796 based on probate records found by Ernie. Other more recent research conducted by Corey Phelon Geske (see Part 2 and <strong><a href="https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=GRN.33">MACRIS GRN.33</a></strong> update of 196 pages) indicates the house could be as early as circa 1741. <br /><br />This house still exists and survived through the end of the 20th century without modern updates such as central heat, indoor plumbing and electricity which were added after Ernie Sattler bought the house. The house was restored by William Phelon during the 2000's.<br /><br /><span>Links to the other Parts in this series:<br /><br /></span><span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/362"><strong>PART 1</strong></a> (you are on Part 1 now)</span><span><br /><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1233">PART 2</a></strong> features:<br /></span>
<ul><li> Daniel Rose family history and Rev. War service.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House restoration photos, 2001-2019.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as Lt. Jacob Baldwin Tavern.</li>
<li> Daniel Rose House as home to Baker Quilt inspiring the Deerfield Arts and Crafts Movement.</li>
</ul><span><strong><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1491">PART 3</a></strong> features 1985 pre-restoration photos documenting the original features of the house.</span><span><br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1492"><strong>PART 4</strong></a> continues the 1985 pre-restoration documentation photos.<br /></span><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1493"><strong>PART 5</strong></a> features a 2021 "Country Caller" article written by Corey Phelon Geske featuring the Daniel Rose House and its historic significance<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1341"><strong>ADDENDUM 1</strong></a>: This page establishes the Daniel Rose house as home to West Granville's Baker Quilt, the first quilt exhibited at a period room in an American museum (Deerfield).<br /><a href="https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/687"><strong>ADDENDUM 2</strong></a>: Baker family folder including quilt notes.
Color photo with green car: Approx. 1980 <br />B&W photos: First photo 1891. Second photo about 1900. Third photo about 1912. Other dates unknown. <br />Color photo, white house: Date unknown. Paul Jensen photo. <br />Six Color Photos: March 2020. <br />Color photo 2019: Corey Phelon Geske (photo also also on <strong><a href="https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=GRN.33">MACRIS GRN.33</a></strong> 196 page update).
Granville Public Library Historical Room
Corey Phelon Geske
Paul Jensen
Richard Rowley